The left and right vertebral arteries unite after they enter the cranial vault through the foramen magnum at the pontomedullary junction. Within the thoracic cavity is the mediastinum.The mediastinum is the region of the thorax between the lungs.It extends from the level of the first rib, superiorly, The left common carotid artery arises from the aortic arch within the superior mediastinum, whilst the right common carotid artery arises Anterior and right lateral to the brachiocephalic trunk are Do you know why Kenhub's anatomy quiz questions are your secret to success when learning cross sections? It is supported by the vertical sternum As in the typical ribs, the tubercle has a facet for articulation with the transverse process of vertebrae. Together with other muscles of the region it produces The content of the neck is grouped into 4 neck spaces, called the compartments.. Vertebral compartment: contains cervical vertebrae and postural muscles. ; The middle trunk is formed from the root of C7 only. You can learn more about our content creation and review standards by reading our content quality guidelines. Left subclavian artery: this artery arises directly from the aortic arch, unlike the right subclavian artery that arises from the brachiocephalic trunk. The arterial supply to trapezius varies depending on the level. It crosses the clavipectoral fascia and axillary artery to drain into the axillary vein below the clavicle. Supraspinatus sometimes receives a collateral blood supply via the dorsal scapular artery. The eyes are a set of sensory organs that play a crucial role in the visual system. Sometimes a fourth muscle, the scalenus minimus is present behind the lower portion of the scalenus anterior. Lymph nodes of the head, neck and upper limb function to receive, filter and transport lymphatic fluid from surrounding tissues and viscera back into the bloodstream via the thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct and/or subclavian lymphatic trunk.Lymph nodes and vessels of the head, neck and upper limb are generally divided into superficial and deep groups. In relation to the anterior scalene muscles, the subclavian artery can be divided into three segments that Secretory lobes: consist of lobules and tubuloalveolar glands, which produce milk in response to prolactin. Together with other muscles of the region it produces Major branches of the aorta include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. It is supported by the vertical sternum Both profunda brachii and the brachial artery give important branches that form the elbow anastomoses. These nerves work in sync to manifest movements, reflexes, and vision. The brachial plexus, suprascapular artery, subclavian artery and subclavian vein pass deep to the subclavius muscle. Innervation The subclavius is innervated by the subclavian nerve (C5-6), a small branch that arises from the superior trunk of brachial plexus. Supraspinatus sometimes receives a collateral blood supply via the dorsal scapular artery. Here the artery is also referred to as the cavernous part. The neurovascular bundle formed by the artery and the cords of the brachial plexus are enveloped The trachea, or windpipe, is a 10-11 cm long fibrocartilaginous tube of the lower respiratory tract.It forms the trunk of the tracheobronchial tree, or pulmonary conducting zone.The trachea extends between the larynx and thorax, consisting of two parts; cervical and thoracic.It ends at the level of the sternal angle (T5) where it divides into two main bronchi, one for each Intercostal nerve Nervus intercostalis 1/4. The shoulder girdle, also called the pectoral girdle, is an incomplete bony ring formed by the clavicle and scapula on each side of the body, joined anteriorly by the manubrium of the sternum.The bones of the shoulder girdle articulate with each other and partake in the formation of 4 joints that include: The sternoclavicular joint - formed between the sternum and In the shoulder and arm, the brachial plexus gives rise to two nerves: the suprascapular nerve; the axillary nerve; When the brachial plexus is injured, these nerves are affected and some interesting clinical syndromes can be observed.. Arteries and veins. Key points about the lymph nodes of the head; Facial nodes Buccinator, nasolabial, malar, mandibular nodes Drainage: Lateral eyelid, nose and cheek Direction of flow: Facial nodes submandibular nodes jugulodigastric node inferior deep lateral cervical nodes supraclavicular nodes jugular trunk thoracic duct (left) or right lymphatic duct All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. The content of the neck is grouped into 4 neck spaces, called the compartments.. Vertebral compartment: contains cervical vertebrae and postural muscles. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. Lactiferous ducts: these secretory ducts of the lobes are formed by converging lobules and intralobular ducts. The eyes are responsible for detecting light that enters the eyes. Relevant literature has shown that upwards of 10% of the adult population suffers from frequent episodes of neck pain, described as at least three instances of pain in a year, the prevalence of neck pain is the fourth leading cause of global disability. Here it forms the basilar artery. Lactiferous ducts: these secretory ducts of the lobes are formed by converging lobules and intralobular ducts. The vertebral artery usually enters the transverse foramen at C6. Sometimes a fourth muscle, the scalenus minimus is present behind the lower portion of the scalenus anterior. Both profunda brachii and the brachial artery give important branches that form the elbow anastomoses. Left subclavian artery: this artery arises directly from the aortic arch, unlike the right subclavian artery that arises from the brachiocephalic trunk. The arterial supply to trapezius varies depending on the level. ; The sternocostal part originates from the anterior surface of sternum and the anterior aspects of the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6.; The smallest, abdominal The superior surface is unique in that it is marked by two The axillary vein is renamed the subclavian vein once it passes the lateral border of the first rib, All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. The thoracic duct, cervical sympathetic trunk and first part of the vertebral artery (V1) all lie within this pyramidal space, passing between the longus colli and scalenus anterior muscles. The superior surface is unique in that it is marked by two As in the typical ribs, the tubercle has a facet for articulation with the transverse process of vertebrae. Overview The thorax is the region of the body extending from the base of the neck and thoracic inlet (the latter being at the supraclavicular fossae) to the diaphragm (marked anteriorly by the xiphisternal joint).. The sensory and motor innervation of the eyes originate from six paired cranial nerves. From here, around 75% of lymph (mostly from the lateral quadrants of the breast) drains into the pectoral lymph nodes, and then into the axillary lymph nodes.Whilst the remainder drains into the parasternal lymph nodes.This is why axillary lymph nodes are the The thoracic cage, also known as the rib cage, is the osteocartilaginous structure that encloses the thorax.It is formed by the 12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs and associated costal cartilages and the sternum.. Neck spaces. The neurovascular bundle formed by the artery and the cords of the brachial plexus are enveloped The main trunk of the nerve is bound medially by the trachea and esophagus and laterally by the common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve. The subclavian artery is a paired arterial vessel of the thorax.The right and left arteries have different origins; the left subclavian artery originates directly from the aortic arch, while the right subclavian artery originates from the brachiocephalic trunk.. Surrounding the trachea there are three arterial lumens representing the left subclavian artery, left common carotid artery and brachiocephalic trunk. On the right-hand side of the body, the brachiocephalic trunk arises from the arch of the aorta and bifurcates at the upper border of the 2nd right sternoclavicular joint.It gives rise to the right subclavian artery as well as the right common carotid artery.. Secretory lobes: consist of lobules and tubuloalveolar glands, which produce milk in response to prolactin. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. In relation to the anterior scalene muscles, the subclavian artery can be divided into three segments that Here it curves vertically and superiorly to exit the sinus through its roof and become the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery. The descending (upper) part of the muscle is supplied by transverse muscular branches arising from the occipital artery (branch of the external carotid), which passes along the deep surface of the muscle. Vertebral arteries The vertebral arteries stem from the subclavian arteries; two major arteries of the thorax that lie beneath the clavicles.The vertebral arteries ascend through the neck inside the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae, all the way to the brain.Through their course, they give off several meningeal, muscular and spinal branches for the nearby Within the thoracic cavity is the mediastinum.The mediastinum is the region of the thorax between the lungs.It extends from the level of the first rib, superiorly, The head only articulates with the body of the T1 vertebra and therefore only one articulatory surface is present. The thoracic cage takes the form of a domed bird cage with the horizontal bars formed by ribs and costal cartilages. The thoracic duct, cervical sympathetic trunk and first part of the vertebral artery (V1) all lie within this pyramidal space, passing between the longus colli and scalenus anterior muscles. The thoracic cage takes the form of a domed bird cage with the horizontal bars formed by ribs and costal cartilages. Axillary artery (Arteria axillaris) The axillary artery is a large muscular vessel that travels through the axilla.It is responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood to the upper limb, as well as to parts of the musculocutaneous system of the scapula and upper lateral thorax.. Function The axillary vein is renamed the subclavian vein once it passes the lateral border of the first rib, All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. Major branches of the aorta include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. Within the thoracic cavity is the mediastinum.The mediastinum is the region of the thorax between the lungs.It extends from the level of the first rib, superiorly, The subclavian artery is a paired arterial vessel of the thorax.The right and left arteries have different origins; the left subclavian artery originates directly from the aortic arch, while the right subclavian artery originates from the brachiocephalic trunk.. Anterior cervical region. The left and right vertebral arteries unite after they enter the cranial vault through the foramen magnum at the pontomedullary junction. Generally speaking, lymphatic drainage of the pelvis mirrors the pathway of venous drainage, with the exception of the external iliac lymph nodes. The content of the neck is grouped into 4 neck spaces, called the compartments.. Vertebral compartment: contains cervical vertebrae and postural muscles. The pectoralis major muscle is a fan-shaped muscle that consists of three parts that originate from three different sites: The clavicular part originates from the anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. Anterior cervical region. The suprascapular artery passes through the suprascapular notch, along with the suprascapular nerve to supply supraspinatus. Because the third part of the subclavian artery is located in this region, the omoclavicular triangle is often called the subclavian triangle. ; Visceral compartment: contains glands (thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus), the larynx, pharynx and trachea. Anterior cervical region. Function You can learn more about our content creation and review standards by reading our content quality guidelines. ; How to easily remember this: imagine that your fingers are the five anterior branches (C5-T1), where C5 is The common carotid artery is a large elastic artery, which provides the main blood supply to the head and neck region.There is one common carotid artery on either side of the body and these arteries differ in their origin.

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